S And P 500 _HOT_
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The S&P 500 is an index, so it can't be traded directly. Those who want to invest in the companies that comprise the S&P must invest in a mutual fund or exchange-traded fund (ETF) that tracks the index, such as the Vanguard 500 ETF (VOO).
The first S&P Index was launched in 1923 as a joint project by the Standard Statistical Bureau and Poor's Publishing. The original index covered 233 companies in 26 different industries. The two companies merged in 1941 to become Standard and Poor's.
In order to be included in the S&P 500 Index, a company must be publicly traded and based in the United States. It also needs to meet certain requirements for liquidity and market capitalization, have a public float of at least 10% of its shares, and have positive earnings over the trailing four quarters.
The simplest way to invest in the S&P 500 Index (or any other stock market index) is to buy shares of an index fund that targets that index. These funds invest in a cross-section of the companies represented on the index, meaning that the fund's performance should mirror the performance of the index itself.
Most stock quote data provided by BATS. Market indices are shown in real time, except for the DJIA, which is delayed by two minutes. All times are ET. Disclaimer. Morningstar: 2019 Morningstar, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Factset: FactSet Research Systems Inc.2019. All rights reserved. Chicago Mercantile Association: Certain market data is the property of Chicago Mercantile Exchange Inc. and its licensors. All rights reserved. Dow Jones: The Dow Jones branded indices are proprietary to and are calculated, distributed and marketed by DJI Opco, a subsidiary of S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC and have been licensed for use to S&P Opco, LLC and CNN. Standard & Poor's and S&P are registered trademarks of Standard & Poor's Financial Services LLC and Dow Jones is a registered trademark of Dow Jones Trademark Holdings LLC. All content of the Dow Jones branded indices S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC 2019 and/or its affiliates.
The Standard and Poor's 500, or simply the S&P 500,[5] is a stock market index tracking the stock performance of 500 large companies listed on stock exchanges in the United States. It is one of the most commonly followed equity indices. As of December 31, 2020, more than $5.4 trillion was invested in assets tied to the performance of the index.[2]
The average annualized return since its inception in 1928 through Dec. 31, 2021, is 11.82%. The average annualized return since adopting 500 stocks into the index in 1957 through Dec. 31, 2021, is 11.88%.
Index funds, including mutual funds and exchange-traded funds (ETFs), can replicate, before fees and expenses, the performance of the index by holding the same stocks as the index in the same proportions. ETFs that replicate the performance of the index are issued by The Vanguard Group (NYSE Arca: VOO), iShares (NYSE Arca: IVV), and State Street Corporation (NYSE Arca: SPY), and the most liquid based on average daily volume is currently (NYSE Arca: SPY), although SPY has a much higher expense ratio of 0.09% compared to just 0.03% for VOO and IVV. Mutual funds that track the index are offered by Fidelity Investments, T. Rowe Price, and Charles Schwab Corporation.[13][14][15]
In the derivatives market, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) offers futures contracts that track the index and trade on the exchange floor in an open outcry auction, or on CME's Globex platform, and are the exchange's most popular product.
In 1923, Standard Statistics Company (founded in 1906 as the Standard Statistics Bureau) began rating mortgage bonds[17] and developed its first stock market index consisting of the stocks of 233 U.S. companies, computed weekly.[1]
In 1962, Ultronic Systems became the compiler of the S&P indices including the S&P 500 Stock Composite Index, the 425 Stock Industrial Index, the 50 Stock Utility Index, and the 25 Stock Rail Index.[19]
The market cap eligibility criteria are for addition to an index, not for continued membership. As a result, an index constituent that appears to violate criteria for addition to that index is not removed unless ongoing conditions warrant an index change.[24]
where P i {\\displaystyle P_{i}} is the price of the i-th stock in the index, Q i {\\displaystyle Q_{i}} is the corresponding number of shares publicly available (\"float\") for that stock, and D i v i s o r {\\displaystyle Divisor} is a normalization factor.
For example, Apple had 16.41 billion common shares outstanding as of May 27,2022. It closed the day at a market price of $146 per share. That gives the company a free-float market capitalization of 16.41 billion shares x $146/shares = $2.40 trillion. Assuming that all companies included in S&P 500 sum to a total market capitalization of $38.29 trillion, the S&P 500 index level is then 38.29 trillion/8.3 billion = 4,613.25.
The average annual total return and compound annual growth rate of the index, including dividends, since inception in 1926 has been approximately 9.8% (6% after inflation), and the annual standard deviation of the return over the same time period is 20.81%;[32] however, there were several years where the index declined over 30%.[33] The index has posted annual increases 70% of the time.[34] However, the index has made new highs on only 5% of trading days, meaning that on 95% of trading days, the index has closed below its all-time high.[35]
On March 24, 2000, at the peak of the dot-com bubble, the index reached an intraday high of 1,552.87; this high was not exceeded until May 30, 2007. On October 10, 2002, during the stock market downturn of 2002, the index fell to 768.83, a decline of approximately 50% from its high in March 2000.[39]
Between the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers on September 15, 2008, and the end of 2008, the index closed either up or down 3% in one day 29 times.[41] On October 13, 2008, the index closed up 11.6%, its best single-day percentage gain since being founded in 1957.[42]
The index ended 2008 at 903.25, a yearly loss of 38.5%.[44] The index continued to decline in early 2009, closing at 676.53 on March 9, 2009, its lowest close in 13 years. The drawdown from the high in October 2007 to the low in March 2009 was 56.8%, the largest since World War II.[45]
The index rose 13% in 2012 despite significant volatility amid electoral and fiscal uncertainty and round 3 of quantitative easing. On December 31, 2012, the index closed at 1,426.19, an annual gain of 13% and its biggest gain in 3 years.[53]
On March 28, 2013, the index surpassed its closing high of 1,565.15, recovering all its losses from the Great Recession.[54][55] On April 10, 2013, it closed above the intraday high from 2007.[56][40]
The index rose sharply in January 2018, extending one of its longest monthly winning streaks, only to fall 4% in February 2018 during a month of extremely high volatility, including a day in which the VIX doubled.[62][63] It was the first monthly decline in 11 months.[64] In the third quarter of 2018, the index posted its best quarter since 2013.[65] However, the index fell 11% in the month of December 2018, its worst December performance since the Great Depression.[66] The index fell 6% in 2018, its worst year in a decade.[67]
However, in 2019, the index posted its best first half in 22 years including the best June since 1938.[68][69] On July 10, 2019, the index reached 3,000 for the first time.[70] The index rose 31.5% in 2019, one of its best years.[71]
On February 19, 2020, the index hit a new closing peak of 3,386.15; however, it fell 10% in the next six trading days, its fastest drop from a new peak as a result of the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and COVID-19 recession.[72][73] On March 23, 2020, at the trough of the 2020 stock market crash, the index had fallen 34% from its peak.[74][75] Overall, the index fell 20% during the first quarter of 2020, its worst quarter since 2008.[76] However, this was followed by a 20% gain in the second quarter, its biggest quarterly gain since 1998.[77][78] The index reached a new record high on August 18, 2020.[79][80] In the following months the index reached several all-time highs. On April 1, 2021, the index closed above 4,000 for the first time.[81]
In 2021, the index closed 70 days of the year at a new record closing price, the second highest number ever recorded, behind the 77 closing highs recorded in 1995.[82] 2021 also marked the first year since 2005 when the S&P 500 beat the other two closely watched U.S. stock indices: the Dow Jones Industrial Average and the Nasdaq Composite.[83]
Returns are generally quoted as price returns (excluding returns from dividends). However, they can also be quoted as total return, which include returns from dividends and the reinvestment thereof, and \"net total return\", which reflects the effects of dividend reinvestment after the deduction of withholding tax.[2]
The S&P 500 is widely regarded as the best single gauge of large-cap U.S. equities. According to our Annual Survey of Assets, an estimated USD 15.6 trillion is indexed or benchmarked to the index, with indexed assets comprising approximately USD 7.1 trillion of this total (as of Dec. 31, 2021). The index includes 500 leading companies and covers approximately 80% of available market capitalization.
This list includes investable products traded on certain exchanges currently linked to this selection of indices. While we have tried to include all such products, we do not guarantee the completeness or accuracy of such lists. Please refer to the disclaimers here for more information about S&P Dow Jones Indices' relationship to such third party product offerings.
Many investors seem to be displaying this sort of short-sightedness now. In particular, they seem to be overlooking how the largest stimulus program in U.S. history, precipitated by the pandemic, has kept current profit margins and demand levels running above long-term trends.
We advise investors to watch for excesses to be fully wrung out of estimates, which would help recalibrate 2023 and 2024 expectations more in line with historical averages. Investors should consider rotating portfolios toward fixed income, value-style stocks, global dividend payers, early cyclicals, enterprise tech and emerging market stocks. 153554b96e
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